Anthocyanins

Anthocyanins

Anthocyanins are a group of red, water-soluble pigments widely distributed in the plant kingdom.
Anthocyanins are glycosides anthocyanidins, are constituted by a molecule of anthocyanidin, which is the aglycone, which binds a sugar by a glycosidic bond β-. the basic chemical structure of these aglycones is flavylium ion.

Belong to the group of flavonoids and basic structure is a flavone nucleus, consisting of two aromatic rings joined by a unit of three.

carbons
Sugar present in the molecule gives them great solubility and stability, anthocyanidin is usually attached at the 3 position of the phenolic group, but can also do at positions 5 and 7, the number of sugars in their structure.

Anthocyanins are classified as: monoglucosides (one sugar), di (two sugars) and triglycoside Three (sugars).

The types of sugars present:
They can be monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides.
Monosaccharides include pentoses common arabinose and xylose such as, hexoses or of which D-glucose is the most common, but may also be present or galactose rhamnose.

Acylated sugars are groups derived from acetic acid or any of the four cinnamic acid (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic or synapse). It has been observed that the presence of these acyl groups in the molecule anthocyanidin provides stability under extreme conditions of pH and temperature.
The interest in anthocyanin pigments has intensified recently because of their pharmacological and therapeutic properties. During the passage of the digestive tract into the bloodstream, anthocyanins remain intact, and exert therapeutic effects including reduction known coronary artery disease, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic; Besides improving cognitive y.comportamiento visual acuity.

The anthocyanins therapeutic effects are related to their antioxidant activity.

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